Loose Stools in Children: Causes, Treatment and When to Seek Medical Help

Common Causes of Loose Stools in Children

Loose stools in children can result from various factors, including dietary changes, infections, food intolerances, and medication side effects. Identifying the underlying cause is essential to provide appropriate treatment or management. 

What Dietary Changes Can Cause Loose Stools?

Weaning means changing your child's food habits from regular breastfed to semisolids to solids. This particular time is when you see a change in the gut behaviour of a child. So, what food habits can cause this?

Introduction of Solid Foods: When a baby transitions from a liquid-only diet (breast milk or formula) to solid foods, their digestive system may need time to adjust. This change can lead to temporary loose stools.

High-Fibre Foods: Loose stools can result from a sudden increase in high-fibre foods, such as fruits, vegetables, or whole grains, as the digestive system adjusts to processing a higher fibre intake.

What Infections Can Cause Loose Stools?

The two most potential causes of these loose stools are;

Viral Infections: Viral infections such as rotavirus or norovirus can lead to symptoms like diarrhoea, vomiting, and stomach cramps.

Bacterial Infections: Bacterial infections, including Salmonella E. coli, can cause diarrhoea in children. Contaminated food or water often causes these infections.

Which Food Intolerances Cause Loose Stools?

Your child may yet times be intolerant or allergic to some food items. You can find out which by consulting with a paediatrician.

Lactose Intolerance: Some children may experience difficulty digesting lactose in milk and dairy products. Lactose intolerance can lead to loose stools, gas, and abdominal discomfort after consuming dairy.

Food Allergies: Allergic reactions to certain foods, such as peanuts, tree nuts, shellfish, or eggs, can cause diarrhoea and other symptoms in allergic children.

A recent study has revealed that food intolerances and allergies, such as peanuts, occur due to your infant's gut not being used to those food items at an early age. It's best that you introduce these food items as soon as your infant starts taking semisolid foods.

Can Medication Side Effects Cause Loose Stools?

Yes, even some medications can cause harm to your child's gut.

Antibiotics: Certain antibiotics can disrupt the balance of beneficial bacteria in the gut, leading to antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (AAD).

Other Medications: Some medications may have gastrointestinal side effects, including loose stools. It's essential to consult a paediatrician for expert advice.

"If the medications are not utmost necessary, such as those for non-life threatening conditions like as mild fever and the common cold, it's best to let your infant grow their immune power to fight the infections."

• Dr. Israa Ismail, Senior Ayurveda Consultant, Nirva

Does Overconsumption of Sugars and Sugary Drinks Cause Loose Stools?

Consuming excessive sugary foods and beverages can draw more water into the gut and cause loose stools.

Are Stress and Anxiety Causing Loose Stools?

Emotional factors, like stress and anxiety, can affect the digestive system in children. Stress-induced diarrhoea is a common manifestation.

Can Some Health Conditions Cause Diarrhoea?

Some chronic medical conditions, like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or celiac disease, can result in chronic diarrhoea in children. IBS occurs commonly in children, leading to diarrhoea episodes, abdominal pain, and discomfort.

Can Travelling Cause Diarrhoea?

Travelling to regions with different food and water quality can expose children to traveller's diarrhoea caused by ingesting contaminated food or water.

Parents and caregivers must monitor children experiencing loose stools and seek medical attention if symptoms persist, are severe, or are associated with other concerning signs like dehydration, blood in the stool, or high fever, ultimately leading to malnutrition.

What are The Signs of Dehydration And Malnutrition in Children?

Dehydration and malnutrition can have serious health consequences, and it's essential to recognise the signs and symptoms of both conditions. Here are the common signs of dehydration and malnutrition:

Signs of Dehydration in Children:

• Dry Mouth and Thirst
• Dark Urine
• Decreased Urination
• Dry Skin
• Sunken Eyes
• Fatigue and Weakness
• Rapid Heart Rate and Breathing
• Headache
• Irritability
• Thirst and Irritation

Signs of Malnutrition in Children:

• Unintended Weight Loss
• Fatigue
• Muscle Weakness
• Skin Changes
• Swollen or Puffy Face
• Poor Growth in Children
• Reduced Immune Function
• Digestive Problems
• Nutrient Deficiency Symptoms: Vitamin C deficiency can cause scurvy with gum bleeding and joint pain, while vitamin D deficiency can lead to bone pain and weakness.

It's important to note that dehydration and malnutrition can have severe health 

consequences, and addressing them promptly is crucial. Early intervention can help prevent complications associated with these conditions.

Medications and Professional Guidance

Thorough monitoring and professional guidance become essential for children's loose stools as they negatively affect their growth and development. Let's check the essential medications you must take care of your child.

Over-the-counter options for children with diarrhoea include:

• Oral Rehydration Solutions (ORS): To prevent dehydration.
• Anti-diarrheal Medications: Use only under a paediatrician's guidance.
• Probiotics: Probiotics may help restore gut health, but consult a healthcare provider for specific recommendations.
• Antibiotics: If it's a bacterial infection, antibiotics may be prescribed, but only as directed by a qualified doctor.

Note: Over-the-counter medications for children must not be misused. 

It's essential to emphasise the following points before giving your child any medication.

• Consult a Paediatrician first, as proper diagnosis is necessary.
• Potential risks of medications may cause harm to your child, so seek guidance.
• Dehydration risk has to be treated with IV fluids, which requires daycare at the nearest medical facility.
• Avoid self-diagnosis to prevent any further harm to your child.

Treatment and Home Remedies for Loose Stools in Children

We can effectively manage loose stools in children from home. But you have to make sure nothing serious is causing these loose stools. Effective home remedies for managing common loose stools in children include:

Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS): Administer ORS to replace lost fluids and electrolytes, preventing dehydration.

BRAT Diet: This diet contains Bananas, Rice, Applesauce, and Toast, which help firm up stools.

Clear Fluids: Encourage clear liquids like water, clear broths, and diluted fruit juices to keep the child hydrated.

Probiotics: Consider probiotic supplements or yoghurt to restore the balance of beneficial gut bacteria.

Avoid Sugary Foods and Beverages: Limit sugary foods and drinks, as they exacerbate diarrhoea.

Rest: Ensure your child gets enough rest to aid recovery and healing.

Monitor: Keep a close watch on your child's symptoms, and consult a healthcare provider if symptoms worsen, persist, or if there are signs of dehydration.

Diet and Probiotics

We have discussed the BRAT diet above. It can help manage digestive discomforts, such as diarrhoea or an upset stomach. Let's look at how each aids in managing loose stools.

Bananas: Bananas are easy to digest and provide essential nutrients like potassium. They can help replenish lost electrolytes during diarrhoea. Offer ripe bananas that are soft and easily digestible.

Rice: Plain white rice is a gentle, easily digestible source of carbohydrates. It can help bind loose stools and provide energy. Avoid heavily seasoned or fried rice.

Applesauce: Unsweetened applesauce is an excellent source of soluble fibre, which can help bulk up stools and regulate digestion. It's easy to digest and soothing for the stomach. Opt for applesauce without added sugar or spices.

Toast: Plain, white toast can provide some carbohydrates without being too harsh on the stomach. Avoid heavily buttered or heavily topped toast.

Probiotics: Probiotics are beneficial bacteria which can restore gut health. While they are not part of the BRAT diet, they can complement it. You can offer yoghurt with live active cultures or probiotic supplements as directed by a healthcare provider. Probiotics can help replenish the gut with healthy bacteria and may aid in faster recovery from digestive issues.

When to Seek Immediate Medical Help: The Red Flags

It would be best if you did not take loose stools lightly. It may indicate some serious issues. How to identify them? 

Here are some red flags and situations requiring immediate medical attention for a child with the following digestive issues:

Persistent Diarrhoea: If diarrhoea persists for more than 24-48 hours, especially if other concerning symptoms accompany it.

Blood in Stools: Blood in stools can indicate various underlying issues, such as infection, inflammation, or bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract.

High Fever: A persistent high fever (above 101°F or 38.3°C) associated with digestive symptoms may suggest a severe infection or inflammation.

Severe Abdominal Pain: Intense or worsening abdominal pain that doesn't improve with time or essential home remedies.

Signs of Dehydration: Dehydration can be especially dangerous in children.

Vomiting: Frequent vomiting, especially if it prevents the child from keeping down fluids or is accompanied by other concerning symptoms.

Rapid Weight Loss: Noticeable and quick weight loss can indicate severe digestive issues.

Change in Mental State: Any sudden change in the child's mental state, such as confusion, disorientation, or severe irritability.

Blood or Pus in Vomit or Stools: The presence of blood or pus in vomit or stools can be a sign of a more severe condition that requires immediate medical attention.

Recent Travel or Exposure: The areas with a higher risk of foodborne illnesses have recently exposed the child to potential sources of infection.

Parents should seek medical help when they observe these red flags, as early intervention can significantly improve outcomes and prevent potential complications.

Preventive Measures for Future Occurrences of Loose Stools

We all know prevention is always better than cure. Especially in children, managing loose stools is an arduous task. Let's discuss some healthy tips for preventing loose stools in children:

Good Hygiene

• Encourage regular handwashing with soap and water, especially before meals and after using the toilet. Teach them to scrub their hands thoroughly for at least 20 seconds.
• Promote hand sanitisers when soap and water are unavailable, but emphasise that handwashing is vital.

Balanced Diet

• Ensure your child consumes a balanced diet of lean proteins, vegetables, fruits, and whole grains.
• Avoid excessive consumption of processed or spicy foods that may irritate the digestive system.

Age-Appropriate Diet

• Introduce solid foods at their appropriate age and follow recommended guidelines for introducing new foods.
• Gradually transition to a diet that matches the child's developmental stage, ensuring they can digest and tolerate different food textures.

Proper Food Handling

• Practice safe food handling and storage. Cook meats thoroughly.
• Be cautious when eating outside or buying street food, as these can sometimes pose hygiene risks.

Hydration

• Ensure your child drinks adequate water throughout the day to maintain proper hydration.

Avoid Overconsumption of Sugary Drinks

• Limit sugary drinks like sodas and excessive fruit juices, which can lead to digestive issues.

Food Allergies and Intolerances

• Be aware of any allergies or intolerances your child may have, and avoid trigger foods.

Stress Management

• Encourage stress-reducing activities and routines, as stress can sometimes contribute to digestive problems in children.

Regular Exercise

• Encourage physical activity and exercise to promote healthy digestion.

Travel Precautions

• When travelling, be cautious about the quality and safety of the food and water your child consumes.

Vaccinations

• Ensure your child is up-to-date with vaccinations to protect against diseases that can cause digestive issues.

Timely Toilet Habits

• Encourage regular bathroom breaks to prevent constipation or holding in stools, which can lead to diarrhoea.

How Can Ayurveda Help?

Preventing, managing, and overcoming loose stools in children through Ayurveda involves a holistic approach that includes diet, lifestyle, and natural remedies. Here are practical tips:

Ayurvedic Management:

• Fasting: Short fasting periods can help reset the digestive system in mild cases. Consult an Ayurvedic practitioner for guidance.
• Herbal Remedies: Consult an Ayurvedic practitioner for herbal remedies like dried ginger, cardamom, or pomegranate peel to manage loose stools.
• Rest: Ensure your child gets enough rest to allow the body to heal naturally with the child's immune system.

Overcoming of complications 

• Gradual Reintroduction: Slowly reintroduce foods after symptoms improve, starting with easily digestible options like rice and cooked vegetables.
• Avoid Overeating: Encourage moderate portion sizes to prevent digestive system overload.
• Maintain Hydration: Continue to promote warm water intake to stay well-hydrated.
• Stress Reduction: Create a calm and stress-free environment for your child, as emotional stress can affect digestion.

Role of Ayurvedic Immune Boosters

Ayurveda offers immune-boosting herbs and practices like:

• Ashwagandha: Known to enhance immunity and overall strength.
• Turmeric: An anti-inflammatory and immune-boosting spice.
• Tulsi: Supports the immune system and helps in respiratory health.
• Chyawanprash: A traditional Ayurvedic herbal medicine that contains a blend of immunity-enhancing herbs.

These immune boosters can help strengthen a child's overall health and resistance to illness. However, consult an Ayurvedic practitioner for guidance on their appropriate use for your child's needs.

Always remember that Ayurveda is a holistic system, and individualised guidance from a qualified Ayurvedic practitioner is essential to ensure the best results for your child's health and well-being.

Conclusion

Understanding the causes of loose stools in children and effective home remedies to alleviate your child's discomfort is essential. However, if the symptoms persist or are severe, it is crucial to seek medical attention promptly. A paediatrician can provide personalised advice and guidance, ensuring your child receives the best care possible. Remember, seeking help immediately shows responsible and loving parenting.