Understanding the Connection Between Constipation and Back Pain

What Are the Symptoms of Constipation?

Constipation is having fewer than three bowel movements per week or experiencing difficulty passing stools. 

Common symptoms of constipation include:

• The presence of hard or lumpy stools.
• Feeling full all the time.
• Experiencing pain during bowel movements.
• A sense of blockage.

Additionally, individuals may experience a sense of incomplete evacuation after passing stools.

Other symptoms of constipation may include abdominal pain, bloating, and increased gas. Some people may also feel fatigued or experience decreased appetite due to chronic constipation.

Recognising these signs can help individuals seek timely treatment and prevent further complications. It is essential to remember that occasional constipation is common and may result from dietary changes, dehydration, or temporary disruptions in daily routines. 

However, a healthcare professional should evaluate persistent or recurrent constipation to determine the underlying cause and receive appropriate management.

What Are Causes of Constipation with Back Pain?

While certain lifestyle behaviours can cause constipation, back pain may indicate an underlying health condition. 

Various factors, such as;

• spinal cord tumours
• diabetes
• lack of exercise

; can contribute to constipation and back pain.

Spinal Cord Tumours

They are abnormal growths that can develop within or around the spinal cord. These tumours can pressure the spinal cord and surrounding nerves, leading to back pain and neurological symptoms. Depending on the tumour's location, it can also affect the nerves that control bowel movements, resulting in constipation.

Diabetes 

It is a chronic condition that affects how the body processes glucose, leading to high blood sugar levels. Uncontrolled diabetes can cause nerve damage, including the nerves that control the gastrointestinal tract. When these nerves are affected, it can lead to constipation and back pain.

Lack of Exercise and a Sedentary Lifestyle 

It can contribute to both constipation and back pain. Regular physical activity helps stimulate bowel movements and maintains the flexibility and strength of the back muscles. Without sufficient exercise, the gastrointestinal system may become sluggish, leading to constipation, while the back muscles may weaken, increasing the risk of back pain.

Other potential causes of constipation with back pain include hormonal imbalances, certain medications, and underlying gastrointestinal disorders. Identifying the specific cause is essential for developing an effective treatment plan.

Can Constipation Cause Severe Back Pain?

Constipation itself does not typically cause severe back pain. However, it can be a side effect of severe back pain. When individuals suffer from conditions like a pinched nerve, spinal cord injury, irritable bowel syndrome, Parkinson's disease, or a tumour on the spine, constipation may occur.

In such cases, addressing the underlying cause of back pain becomes paramount to alleviate both conditions effectively.

• A pinched nerve in the spine can cause pain and discomfort along the back and even into the legs. This pain can make it difficult for individuals to pass stools comfortably, leading to constipation. Similarly, a spinal cord injury or Parkinson's disease can disrupt the nerve signals that control bowel movements, causing irregularities in the digestive system.
   
• Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a gastrointestinal disorder that can cause abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits, including constipation. While the exact cause of IBS is not fully understood, it is believed to involve a combination of factors, such as abnormal muscle contractions in the intestines, increased sensitivity to pain, and inflammation.
   
• Tumours on the spine, although relatively rare, can exert pressure on the surrounding nerves and tissues, leading to back pain and gastrointestinal issues like constipation.

Why Can Constipation Cause Back Pain?

Constipation can lead to intestinal swelling due to the buildup of stool, resulting in uncomfortable symptoms like bloating and a distended abdomen. This swelling in the intestines can also cause pain or discomfort in the back, often described as a dull ache or general back pain. 

When you don't pass stools regularly, they can become hard and dry, making them difficult to expel. As a result, your colon has to work harder to push out the stool, leading to increased pressure on the surrounding structures, including the back muscles. This increased pressure can cause discomfort and pain in the lower back region.

Another common cause of lower back pain related to constipation is faecal impaction. Faecal impaction occurs when a large, hardened stool mass becomes stuck in the rectum and cannot be expelled naturally. This condition is more prevalent in older adults or those with chronic constipation.

Faecal impaction can cause severe lower back pain and may be accompanied by other symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, and nausea.

It is crucial to recognise the symptoms of faecal impaction and seek prompt medical attention to prevent complications such as bowel obstruction.

Is It Possible for Back Pain to Cause Constipation?

While constipation is often associated with causing back pain, the reverse is also true. 

Certain back conditions or injuries can damage nerves that control the colon and intestines, leading to constipation. 

• For instance, a herniated disc in the lumbar region can pressure the nerves that innervate the colon, disrupting bowel movements and causing constipation.
   
• Additionally, severe back pain can significantly impact an individual's overall well-being. It can disrupt sleep patterns, decrease appetite, and limit physical activity. These factors can contribute to the development of constipation. Pain medication used to manage back pain can also lead to constipation as a side effect.

Addressing the root cause of back pain through appropriate treatments and rehabilitation can help prevent or alleviate constipation caused by nerve damage and lifestyle changes resulting from chronic pain.

Can Constipation Cause Upper Back Pain?

While constipation is commonly associated with lower back pain, it can also cause upper back pain, albeit less frequently. 

• Conditions like herniated discs or muscle strains/injuries affecting the spine can lead to upper back pain and constipation. A proper diagnosis from a medical professional is vital to determine the exact cause and tailor the treatment accordingly.

Herniated discs occur when the soft inner material of a spinal disc protrudes through its tough outer layer. If this happens in the upper back region, it can compress nearby nerves, causing pain radiating to the back and abdomen. This pain can disrupt regular bowel movements, leading to constipation.

• Muscle strains or injuries in the upper back can cause pain and discomfort that affects daily activities, including the ability to pass stools regularly. Additionally, the pain may lead to changes in posture, affecting the function of the gastrointestinal system.

A healthcare provider can conduct a thorough examination and recommend appropriate imaging studies to identify the source of upper back pain and determine if it is related to constipation.

Can Constipation Cause Back Pain and Leg Pain at the Same Time?

While constipation alone does not usually cause leg pain, it may occur when leg pain is accompanied by back pain. 

Sciatica is a condition that can cause both constipation and leg pain. The sciatic nerve is the longest in the body, running from the lower back through the hips and down each leg. When the sciatic nerve becomes compressed or irritated, it leads to a condition known as sciatica.

Sciatica can cause shooting pain, tingling, and numbness in the back and the leg. Additionally, the condition can disrupt the normal functioning of the colon and rectum, leading to constipation. In some cases, constipation may occur due to muscle spasms in the back caused by sciatica.

It is crucial to address the underlying cause of sciatic nerve compression if you wish to manage sciatica and constipation. Further, it is essential to receive appropriate treatment.

How Can Constipation and Back Pain Be Treated?

The treatment of constipation and back pain depends on the specific cause of each condition. For instance, increasing water intake can help with dehydration-related constipation, while sciatica may require various treatments like physical therapy or medications.

Lifestyle Changes

Certain lifestyle modifications can help manage constipation and back pain. Regular exercise, a well-balanced diet with plenty of fibre-rich foods, and staying hydrated can promote healthy bowel movements and support a strong back.

Over-The-Counter Remedies

Individuals can use over-the-counter laxatives or stool softeners for occasional constipation. However, following the product's instructions and not relying on these medications long-term without consulting a healthcare professional is essential.

Medications

For chronic constipation caused by underlying medical conditions, healthcare providers may prescribe medications to stimulate bowel movements or address specific issues.

Physical Therapy

In cases where back pain is related to muscle strain or injury, physical therapy can be highly effective in reducing pain, restoring flexibility, and improving overall function.

Medications for Back Pain

Over-the-counter pain relievers or prescription medications may get prescribed to manage back pain. However, prolonged use of certain pain medications can lead to constipation as a side effect, so it's essential to address these medications carefully.

Heat and Ice Therapy

Applying heat or ice to the affected area can help alleviate back pain and reduce inflammation.

Injection Therapy

In some cases, corticosteroid injections may be used to provide short-term relief for more severe back pain.

Surgery

In rare cases where back pain is due to structural issues, surgery may be recommended to correct and relieve the problem.

Working with a healthcare provider to determine the root cause of constipation and back pain is crucial to receiving the most appropriate and effective treatment plan. Treatment should be individualised based on each person's specific needs and circumstances.

The Role of Ayurveda and Yoga

Constipation and back pain can be effectively managed and treated through Ayurveda and yoga, ancient holistic systems in India. These practices balance the body, mind, and spirit to promote well-being. Both Ayurveda and yoga offer various natural remedies, lifestyle changes, and therapeutic practices that can help alleviate constipation and back pain. Here are some Ayurvedic and yoga approaches to consider:

Dietary Changes

• Ayurveda emphasises a balanced diet that includes fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fibre-rich foods to promote healthy bowel movements and ease constipation.
   
• Consuming warm water and herbal teas, like ginger or liquorice tea, can help stimulate digestion and relieve constipation.
   
• Avoiding processed foods, heavy meals, and excessive consumption of dairy products can also improve digestive health.

Abhyanga (Ayurvedic Self-Massage)

• Abhyanga involves massaging warm herbal oil on the body to promote relaxation, improve circulation, and reduce muscle tension, including the muscles in the back.
   
• Applying warm sesame oil to the lower back and gently massaging it in circular motions can help alleviate back pain.

Triphala

• Triphala is an Ayurvedic herbal formulation consisting of three fruits: Amalaki (Emblica officinalis), Bibhitaki (Terminalia bellirica), and Haritaki (Terminalia chebula).
   
• This combination is known for its gentle laxative properties and can help relieve constipation when taken as a supplement or with warm water before bedtime.

Ayurvedic Herbs

• Certain Ayurvedic herbs like Aloe vera, Senna, and Licorice can be beneficial in relieving constipation. However, it's essential to consult an Ayurvedic practitioner to determine the appropriate dosage and usage.

Yoga Poses

Pawanmuktasana (Wind-Relieving Pose)

• This yoga pose involves lying flat on your back and bringing one knee towards the chest while extending the other leg straight.
   
• Gently hugging the knee close to the chest can help release trapped gas and ease bloating, thus improving digestion and alleviating constipation.

Ardha Matsyendrasana (Half Lord of the Fishes Pose)

• This seated yoga pose involves twisting the torso to one side while keeping the spine straight.
• Twisting poses can stimulate the abdominal organs and promote digestion, benefit constipation.

Cat-Cow Stretch (Marjaryasana-Bitilasana)

• This gentle flow of movements involves moving between arching the back (Cow Pose) and rounding the back (Cat Pose).
• It helps to stretch and strengthen the back muscles, improving flexibility and relieving back pain.

Balasana (Child's Pose)

• This resting yoga pose involves sitting back on the heels with the arms extended forward, stretching the back and promoting relaxation.
• Balasana can relieve tension in the lower back and help alleviate mild back pain.

Yoga Nidra (Yogic Sleep)

• Yoga Nidra is a guided meditation practice that promotes deep relaxation and reduces stress, which can indirectly alleviate constipation and back pain by calming the nervous system.

It is essential to approach Ayurveda and yoga practices with consistency and patience. Regular practice, mindful eating, and a healthy lifestyle can relieve constipation and back pain. 

Before beginning any new Ayurvedic or yoga regimen, we recommend you consult a qualified practitioner or a certified yoga instructor to tailor the practices to your specific needs and health condition. Additionally, if you have any underlying medical conditions or chronic back pain, consult your healthcare provider to ensure that these practices complement your treatment plan.

Wrapping Up

Constipation and back pain are interconnected conditions that can significantly impact an individual's well-being. Understanding the link between these two ailments is crucial for identifying underlying health issues and seeking appropriate treatment. Healthcare Associates of Texas offers primary care and physical medicine services for treating constipation and reducing back pain. If you are experiencing constipation or back pain, we encourage you to seek medical attention and request an appointment for a proper evaluation and personalised care. Remember, promptly addressing these conditions can lead to improved quality of life and overall well-being. Through a comprehensive approach that addresses the root cause, individuals can find relief and regain control over their health and daily activities.